How did he build ChatGPT without Claude?

For years, critics have dismissed AI as "just a next-token predictor." They said it isn't truly intelligent because it doesn't understand deep grammatical hierarchies like humans do. But this paper suggests humans don't use those hierarchies either. We are just predicting the next chunk. Language isn't a rigid tree of mathematical rules. It's a linear stream of contextual predictions. We thought we were building AI to mimic the complexity of the human brain. It turns out, the human brain was just running a simpler algorithm all along.

Chomsky was wrong. Researchers found your brain doesn’t store language the way every textbook since 1957 claims. For decades, the undisputed rule of linguistics, led by Noam Chomsky, was that human language is hierarchical. We were told our brains process language using complex "grammar trees." That we secretly build deep, abstract, mathematical rules in our heads before we speak. This new paper proves that is completely wrong. Researchers at Cornell University analyzed how people actually process and produce language in real time. They found sequences. Linear chunks. When we speak, we aren't calculating deep syntactic rules. We are just predicting the next most logical sequence of words based on the context of the words right before it. We string linear chunks together. If this sounds familiar, it should. This is exactly how Large Language Models like ChatGPT work.