The oldest known customer complaint about product quality is considered to be a letter written by a buyer named Nanni, who lived nearly 4,000 years ago in Mesopotamia. The merchant Ea-nasir sold him low-quality copper ingots, for which he received a clay tablet containing the following complaint:
You came here and said: “I will give fine ingots to Gimil-Sin.”
You came, you spoke, but you did not do what you promised.
You offered inferior ingots to my messenger and said:
“If you want to take them, take them; if you do not want them, go away.”
Who do you think you are, treating me with such contempt — me, a man like yourself?
I wrote to you to accept my money bag, but you treated me with disrespect, more than once sending my messenger back empty-handed through a hostile land.
(In antiquity, any foreign land where a traveler had no legal protection was considered “hostile.”)
You treated my messenger with contempt, and yet you argue over the silver you received from my house.
You detained my money bag in a hostile land. It is your responsibility to return it safely.
You should know that here, in Ur, I will not accept inferior copper from you.
In my own courtyard, I will inspect each ingot individually and take what I choose —
and because you have treated me with contempt, I will exercise my right of selection.
The complaint was discovered in the merchant’s own house: Ea-nasir carefully maintained records and preserved documentation. Notably, Nanni’s complaint was not the only one — other customers were also dissatisfied with Ea-nasir’s services.
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