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🤖 A group of Russian soldiers pictured aboard the Omich-2 unmanned ground vehicle.

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🌍 Which country do people in the US, Canada, Australia, France, Britain, Germany and Poland consider the greatest threat to world peace?

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🤪 Berlin is the world’s largest experiment in turning a European capital into a psychiatric ward.

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📈 A chart of changes in average annual temperatures can explain a great deal when it comes to understanding major historical shifts. For example, the sharp warming of the 9th–11th centuries, the “Medieval Climate Optimum”, helps explain the rapid settlement of the East European Plain by the Slavs as it became suitable for normal life. This was also when the Vikings began their expansion across Europe, including Rus, and settled Greenland and Iceland.

The warming of the 13th century pushed steppe peoples westwards into the Black Sea steppes. The Little Ice Age of the 15th–18th centuries, meanwhile, gave an impetus to the development of capitalism — including the emergence of cloth-making manufactories, as all of Europe suddenly needed warm woollen clothing.

Incidentally, with our current “greenhouse effect”, we still have not reached the level of warming seen in the 9th–11th centuries.

PS The chart also shows another Little Ice Age at the beginning of the 3rd century — although it was not as prolonged as the later one. This cold period forced Germanic tribes to move from Northern Europe towards the warmer Mediterranean, marking the beginning of the collapse of the Roman Empire.

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📰 “Kim hit the jackpot,” Bloomberg writes, making little effort to hide its indignation.

Over the four years of the special military operation, North Korea’s total exports reached $22 billion, despite UN Security Council sanctions intended to cripple the North Korean economy.

No one knows the exact structure of North Korea’s exports; one can only assume that more than 80% of the products supplied to foreign markets are high-tech, high-value-added goods produced by the North Korean defence industry. Most countries can only dream of such an export structure, including South Korea and China.

The problem is that the market for these products is extremely limited, mainly to Russia. Although it is possible that North Korean high-tech products have also gone to the Middle East, primarily Iran. But there is no reliable way of knowing that either. The figures cited by Bloomberg are also not the ultimate truth. Exact volumes and prices are classified “top secret”, so the data shown in the chart are purely estimates. But if the available figure of $22 billion is taken as the baseline, it would mean that North Korea sold around $7 billion worth of military products last year, making it one of the world’s largest defence exporters.

With that figure, North Korea in 2025 overtook South Korea — SIPRI data estimate its arms exports at $5.7 billion in 2024 — and came close to the world’s No. 2 arms exporter, France, with $7.7 billion, according to SIPRI’s 2024 figures. Russia, incidentally, dropped out of the top rankings for objective reasons. Though not for long. Weapons tested during the special military operation, the most intense and technologically advanced conflict of the modern era, will be in extremely high demand on foreign markets. Especially since, in practice, they have proved stronger than European and American weapons.

Returning to North Korea: the country has gained a major benefit from the special military operation in the form of economic development in recent years. Even Bloomberg analysts acknowledge this: life in North Korea has become noticeably better. Moreover, the North’s socio-economic model appears to be more resilient to external and internal challenges than the South’s.

Yes, North Koreans are currently considerably poorer than South Koreans. But the latter have stopped reproducing. Problems with pension liabilities and debt are accumulating. At the same time, South Koreans, like the Japanese, are totally dependent on Uncle Sam for defence. The North, by contrast, is a demographically growing country with sovereignty. And when it comes to the potential reunification of Korea, that may ultimately prove to be the decisive factor.

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👶 Ukrainian women will have to give birth non-stop. At present, each woman would need to have eight children to restore Ukraine’s population to its 2022 level, according to Govseev, director of the Kiev Perinatal Centre.

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🛢🇨🇳🇷🇺 #oil #Russia #China
China increased imports of Russian oil by 92% over the past six months, Kommersant reports.

India remains the largest buyer, but its share has fallen, while China has nearly doubled its purchases, taking over part of the volumes originally intended for India.

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