Телеграм канал «Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)»

Кен Джауитт – Реально воображаемый социализм (1997) Обращаясь к событиям 1989 года, Адам Пшеворский указывает на то, что он определяет их как «печальный провал в способности политической науки прогнозировать события». В то же время, Тимур Курап напоминает нам, что «революция 1989 года была не первой столь удивившей нас революцией. Уже не раз (начиная с Французской революции и вплоть до большевистской, нацистской и иранской революций) правящая власть внезапно исчезала, оставляя победителей в изумлении от своего триумфа, а побежденных от своего поражения».

Кирилл Рогов - Ресурсы электорального авторитаризма (2014) Вынесенная в заглавие тема связана с глубоким комплексом проблем, имеющих отношение к режимам, где, с одной стороны, население вроде бы поддерживает власть, а с другой стороны, эта власть является достаточно авторитарной, то есть преследует своих политических оппонентов, ограничивает свободу СМИ. Политологи всегда испытывают трудности при интерпретации этого феномена. Мы хорошо представляем себе дихотомию «демократия и деспотия». При демократии люди голосуют за власть или за оппозицию, выбирают правительство и, соответственно, большинство поддерживает это правительство. Потом они могут разочаровываться в нем, начинают поддерживать оппозицию, голосуют за нее, оппозиция приходит к власти.

Melinda Cooper - Counterrevolution: Extravagance and Austerity in Public Finance At the close of the 1970s, government treasuries and central banks took a vow of perpetual self-restraint. To this day, fiscal authorities fret over soaring public debt burdens, while central bankers wring their hands at the slightest sign of rising wages. As the brief reprieve of coronavirus spending made clear, no departure from government austerity will be tolerated without a corresponding act of penance. Yet we misunderstand the scope of neoliberal public finance if we assume austerity to be its sole setting. Beyond the zero-sum game of direct claims on state budgets lies a realm of indirect government spending that escapes the naked eye. Capital gains are multiply subsidized by a tax system that reserves its greatest rewards for financial asset holders. And for all its airs of haughty asceticism, the Federal Reserve has become adept at facilitating the inflation of asset values while ruthlessly suppressing wages. Neoliberalism is as extravagant as it is austere, and this paradox needs to be grasped if we are to challenge its core modus operandi. Melinda Cooper examines the major schools of thought that have shaped neoliberal common sense around public finance. Focusing, in particular, on Virginia school public choice theory and supply-side economics, she shows how these currents produced distinct but ultimately complementary responses to the capitalist crisis of the 1970s. With its intellectual roots in the conservative Southern Democratic tradition, Virginia school public choice theory espoused an austere doctrine of budget balance. The supply-side movement, by contrast, advocated tax cuts without spending restraint and debt issuance without guilt, in an apparent repudiation of austerity. Yet, for all their differences, the two schools converged around the need to rein in the redistributive uses of public spending. Together, they drove a counterrevolution in public finance that deepened the divide between rich and poor and revived the fortunes of dynastic wealth. Far-reaching as the neoliberal counterrevolution has been, Cooper still identifies a counterfactual history of unrealized possibilities in the capitalist crisis of the 1970s. She concludes by inviting us to rethink the concept of revolution and raises the question: Is another politics of extravagance possible?

Pier Paolo Pasolini - Heretical Aesthetics: Pasolini on Painting First collection on filmmaker and poet Pasolini's passion for painting. One of Europe's most mythologized Marxist intellectuals of the 20th century, Pier Paolo Pasolini was not only a poet, filmmaker, novelist, and political martyr. He was also a keen critic of painting. An intermittently practicing artist in his own right, Pasolini studied under the distinguished art historian Roberto Longhi, whose lessons marked a life-long affinity for figurative painting and its centrality to a particular cinematic sensibility. Pasolini set out wilfully to "contaminate" art criticism with semiotics, dialectology, and film theory, penning catalogue essays and exhibition reviews alongside poems, autobiographical meditations, and public lectures on painting. His fiercely idiosyncratic blend of Communism and classicism, localism and civic universalism, iconophilia and aesthetic "heresy," animated and antagonized Cold War culture like few European contemporaries. This book offers numerous texts previously available only in Italian, each accompanied by an editorial note elucidating its place in the tumultuous context of post-war Italian culture. Prefaced by the renowned art historian T.J. Clark, a historical essay on Pasolini's radical aesthetics anchors the anthology. One hundred years after his birth, Heretical Aesthetics sheds light on one of the most consequential aspects of Pasolini's intellectual life, further illuminating a vast cinematic and poetic corpus along the way.

Georges Canguilhem - The Normal and the Pathological The Normal and the Pathological is one of the crucial contributions to the history of science in the last half century. It takes as its starting point the sudden appearance of biology as a science in the 19th-century and examines the conditions determining its particular makeup. Canguilhem analyzes the radically new way in which health and disease were defined in the early 19th-century, showing that the emerging categories of the normal and the pathological were far from being objective scientific concepts. He demonstrates how the epistemological foundations of modern biology and medicine were intertwined with political, economic, and technological imperatives. Canguilhem was an important influence on the thought of Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser, in particular for the way in which he poses the problem of how new domains of knowledge come into being and how they are part of a discontinuous history of human thought.