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Christian Higher Education in Europe: A Historical Analysis (2011)
D. W. Bebbington

Summary: A historical analysis of Christian influence in European higher education, examining seven distinct eras from scholasticism to civil law.

#education@ecceverbum

An Introduction to the History of the Assyrian Church – 100-640 A.D. (2004)
Williiam Ainger Wigram

#churchhistory@ecceverbum

Today is the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.

This day is also called the Triumph of the Cross, Elevation of the Cross, Holy Cross Day, Holy Rood Day, or Roodmas. This Feast was observed in Rome before the end of the seventh century. It commemorates the recovery of the Holy Cross, which had been placed on Mount Calvary by St. Helena and preserved in Jerusalem, but then had fallen into the hands of Chosroas, King of the Persians. The precious relic was recovered and returned to Jerusalem by Emperor Heralius in 629. The liturgy of the Cross is a triumphant liturgy. When Moses lifted up the bronze serpent over the people, it was a foreshadowing of the salvation through Jesus when He was lifted up on the Cross. Our Mother Church sings of the triumph of the Cross, the instrument of our redemption. To follow Christ we must take up His cross, follow Him and become obedient until death, even if it means death on the cross. We identify with Christ on the Cross and become co-redeemers, sharing in His cross. We make the Sign of the Cross before prayer which helps to fix our minds and hearts to God. After prayer we make the Sign of the Cross to keep close to God. During trials and temptations our strength and protection is the Sign of the Cross. At Baptism we are sealed with the Sign of the Cross, signifying the fullness of redemption and that we belong to Christ. Let us look to the cross frequently, and realize that when we make the Sign of the Cross we give our entire self to God — mind, soul, heart, body, will, thoughts. O cross, you are the glorious sign of victory. Through your power may we share in the triumph of Christ Jesus.

On the Nature of Mortal Sins

A mortal sin is a conscious and voluntary turning away from God and a contempt for His love through the breaking of divine law in a serious matter. A mortal sin is called deadly because it deprives a person of sanctifying grace, which is the supernatural life of the soul.

Sanctifying grace is the necessary foundation through which a person enters into a friendly bond with God. By committing a mortal sin, a person consciously and voluntarily severs this bond, making themselves an enemy of God.

A mortal sin is a true spiritual suicide, for it is a rejection of God's grace, which is the source of eternal life. A mortal sin is a true rebellion against God's authority, for it consists in rejecting His divine commandments.

A mortal sin is a true contempt for God because it involves disregarding the promises that the Lord God has attached to a virtuous and pious life in grace. Whoever truly loves God desires to fulfill His will, keep His commandments, and remain in a state of sanctifying grace, for sanctifying grace is the only way to abide in a deep relationship of love with God.

Love for God must always be linked with a hatred of sin and a desire for a virtuous life, for there is no relationship with God when one simultaneously persists in mortal sin, which by its nature is a denial of God and His holiness.

There is no alternative path to union with God apart from the path of sanctifying grace, which also requires our own striving and growth in virtue. We must therefore be aware of the horror and ugliness of mortal sin, but at the same time, we must remember the weakness of human nature and God's great mercy toward us. We are weak, so we fall, but let this not be a cause for despair, for God has a remedy for our sins and offers it to everyone who desires to improve.

The work of Redemption accomplished by our Savior, Jesus Christ, is the best example that the Lord God does not desire our damnation but longs for our salvation. He offers us salvation and the necessary help for it, yet at the same time, He does not violate our free will. He allows the possibility of turning away from Him, but He also clearly and explicitly warns against this disastrous path that leads to damnation.

Jesus Christ, in bringing the Good News of Salvation to the world, also spoke of the danger of eternal damnation. Even if someone, out of human weakness, has fallen into sins, as long as they live, they still have a real chance at salvation. It is offered to every human being, and God's grace is more powerful than any human flaw. One need only trustingly and sincerely desire to detach from one's sinful life and turn to God, who gives us in the sacraments (Baptism and Penance) the essential and sure means of reconciliation with Him.

Sincerity consists in acknowledging one's sinful actions as true evil and desiring to turn away from them, while trust consists in accepting that God offers grace to everyone (and thus to us as well), which, surpassing human strength, enables the repair of all evil and the healing of all weakness. If someone is damned, it is not because God deprived them of the possibility of receiving grace, but because the person themselves did not want to accept that grace in order to break free from sin with its help.

We must defend the truth toward our neighbors out of love for them, for truth and love are inseparably linked. God, who is Truth, is at the same time Love. Truth and love must therefore always be united in our actions.

based on: 1. M. Sieniatycki, Catholic Ethics (Chapter V - Sin) 2. M. Sieniatycki, Outline of Catholic Dogmatics (Volume III - On Grace and Virtues)

#sin@ecceverbum

School, university, hospital, library. All these institutions were created by Christian Europe. Today, their creators are made to justify why they are even present in the buildings they themselves constructed and maintained for centuries.
Dr. Artur Górecki

Main points:

3.
The “march through the institutions” strategy, proclaimed by Rudi Dutschke in 1967, creates nothing of its own. It takes over ready-made structures: it keeps the name, the building, and the prestige, but erases authorship and substitutes a different purpose.

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#education@ecceverbum

School, university, hospital, library. All these institutions were created by Christian Europe. Today, their creators are made to justify why they are even present in the buildings they themselves constructed and maintained for centuries.
Dr. Artur Górecki

Main points:

2.
University autonomy, invoked today as a “secular achievement,” grew from canon law – it was the first to develop the concept of a collective person.

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#education@ecceverbum

School, university, hospital, library. All these institutions were created by Christian Europe. Today, their creators are made to justify why they are even present in the buildings they themselves constructed and maintained for centuries.
Dr. Artur Górecki

Main points:

1.
It wasn’t the Enlightenment or the modern state that invented the school and university – they are the fruit of *christianitas*, drawing from Greek reason and Roman law. The Church, not a ministry of education, undertook Europe’s first attempt at universal literacy.

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#education@ecceverbum